The case fatality risk were 52% (46-60) for heart disease, 51% (43-59) for COPD, 48% (37-63) for chronic kidney disease (CKD), 39% for chronic liver disease (CLD), 28% (23-36%) for hypertension, and 24% (17-33%) for diabetes. Of those that died, 85% were agedв‰Ґ60 years, 66% were males, and 66%, 44%, 39%, 37%, and 27% had hypertension, smoking history, diabetes, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), respectively. Overall prevalence of death from COVID-19 was 20% (18-23%) 23% (19-27%) in the US and Europe and 11% (7-16%) for China. Seventy-seven studies comprising 38906 hospitalized patients met inclusion criteria 21468 from the US-Europe and 9740 from China. Data were analyzed by fixed-effects meta-analysis using Shore's adjusted confidence intervals to address heterogeneity. We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for case-series and observational studies of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through August 31, 2020. Summarize the prevalence of risk factors and adverse outcomes and determine their associations in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized. Progression of COVID-19 to severe disease and death is insufficiently understood.

Comprehensive meta analysis chapter 19